Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill or inhibit the growth of cancer cells throughout the body. It works by targeting rapidly dividing cells, which are characteristic of cancer, and interfering with their ability to reproduce. Chemotherapy can be administered orally in pill form, or intravenously through injections or infusions. The cause for using chemotherapy arises from its ability to treat various types of cancers, including those that have spread beyond the original site, making it a systemic treatment option. It is often used in combination with other treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy to improve overall effectiveness and increase the likelihood of remission. However, chemotherapy can have several complications due to its impact on both cancerous and healthy rapidly dividing cells. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and an increased risk of infections due to decreased white blood cell counts. Chemotherapy can also cause anemia, mouth sores, and changes in appetite or taste. Long-term complications may include fertility issues, organ damage, and an increased risk of developing secondary cancers. Additionally, individual responses to chemotherapy can vary, with some patients experiencing more severe side effects than others. Despite these potential risks and side effects, chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment, offering a critical option for managing and potentially curing various malignancies, and contributing to significant advancements in cancer care and survival rates.
